日本国の対韓十か条の要求その７－盗難文化財の返還：The Ten Demands to South Korea Part7
日本国の対韓十か条の要求の第７番目の要求は、盗難文化財の返還です。
邦文：盗難文化財の返還
2013年３月26日、韓国の大田地裁は、長崎県対馬市の観音寺から韓国人窃盗団によって盗まれた県指定文化財の観世音菩薩座像について、この仏像が正当な手段で取得したことが証明されない限り返還してはならない、とする仮処分を決定しました。盗まれた仏像は、14世紀の高麗時代に浮石寺で作られたものですが、その後、李朝が徹底的に仏教を弾圧したため、仏像や仏具の多くが日本国に流出しています。日本国のお寺が正当な手段で取得した可能性は高いのですが、盗品の返還に際し、裁判所が、被害者に対して700年前の合法的取得証明を求めた前代未聞の事件となったのです。韓国に盗まれたまま日本国に返還されていない文化財は、対馬の仏像ばかりではありません。
警察が押収した盗品を所有者に速やかに返還することは、近代国家においては当然の警察・司法手続きです。しかしながら、韓国はこの原則を無視し、司法制度を悪用して文化財の返還を拒んでいるのです。ユネスコ条約でも、盗まれた文化財の返還を義務付けていますので、日本国には、国内法、並びに、国際法に基づいて韓国に盗難文化財の即刻返還を求める正当な権利があります。
English: Return of the stolen cultural properties
On March 26, 2012, the Daejeon district court made a preliminary injunction to order that a statue of Buddha, which was stolen by a Korean gang of thieves from a temple, Kannonji, in Tsushima Island, Japan, the year before, must not return to the Japanese possessor, unless one could prove that the statue had been possessed by lawful means. According to some old manuscripts, this statue was produced in Korean Peninsula in the 14th century but has been worshiped by people of Tsushima for long.
It is a general and common rule of criminal and judicial procedure among modern states that stolen goods are to return to rightful possessors without delay. Ignoring a historical fact that considerable number of such statues of Buddha and Buddhist altar fittings were exported and brought to overseas, because of the sweeping expulsion of Buddhism in Joseon period from 1392 to 1910, and acting contrary to common sense and basic principles of law, the Korean district court rejected or neglected its legal duty to return the statues of Buddha to Japan. This preliminary injunction is likely to expose South Korea to be such an irrational pre-modern state as burdening the victim to present absolute proof of its lawful acquisition 700 years ago! This case is also ‘tip of iceberg.’ In Korea, there are a large number of cultural properties stolen from Japan including another statue of Buddha of Watatumi-shrine in Tsushima.
Furthermore, Article 7 and 13 of Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property 1970, place all state parties including South Korea under an obligation to take appropriate measures to recover and return any stolen cultural property. Japan has legal right to demand to South Korea to return stolen cultural properties based on both of internal and international laws.
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邦文：盗難文化財の返還
2013年３月26日、韓国の大田地裁は、長崎県対馬市の観音寺から韓国人窃盗団によって盗まれた県指定文化財の観世音菩薩座像について、この仏像が正当な手段で取得したことが証明されない限り返還してはならない、とする仮処分を決定しました。盗まれた仏像は、14世紀の高麗時代に浮石寺で作られたものですが、その後、李朝が徹底的に仏教を弾圧したため、仏像や仏具の多くが日本国に流出しています。日本国のお寺が正当な手段で取得した可能性は高いのですが、盗品の返還に際し、裁判所が、被害者に対して700年前の合法的取得証明を求めた前代未聞の事件となったのです。韓国に盗まれたまま日本国に返還されていない文化財は、対馬の仏像ばかりではありません。
警察が押収した盗品を所有者に速やかに返還することは、近代国家においては当然の警察・司法手続きです。しかしながら、韓国はこの原則を無視し、司法制度を悪用して文化財の返還を拒んでいるのです。ユネスコ条約でも、盗まれた文化財の返還を義務付けていますので、日本国には、国内法、並びに、国際法に基づいて韓国に盗難文化財の即刻返還を求める正当な権利があります。
English: Return of the stolen cultural properties
On March 26, 2012, the Daejeon district court made a preliminary injunction to order that a statue of Buddha, which was stolen by a Korean gang of thieves from a temple, Kannonji, in Tsushima Island, Japan, the year before, must not return to the Japanese possessor, unless one could prove that the statue had been possessed by lawful means. According to some old manuscripts, this statue was produced in Korean Peninsula in the 14th century but has been worshiped by people of Tsushima for long.
It is a general and common rule of criminal and judicial procedure among modern states that stolen goods are to return to rightful possessors without delay. Ignoring a historical fact that considerable number of such statues of Buddha and Buddhist altar fittings were exported and brought to overseas, because of the sweeping expulsion of Buddhism in Joseon period from 1392 to 1910, and acting contrary to common sense and basic principles of law, the Korean district court rejected or neglected its legal duty to return the statues of Buddha to Japan. This preliminary injunction is likely to expose South Korea to be such an irrational pre-modern state as burdening the victim to present absolute proof of its lawful acquisition 700 years ago! This case is also ‘tip of iceberg.’ In Korea, there are a large number of cultural properties stolen from Japan including another statue of Buddha of Watatumi-shrine in Tsushima.
Furthermore, Article 7 and 13 of Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property 1970, place all state parties including South Korea under an obligation to take appropriate measures to recover and return any stolen cultural property. Japan has legal right to demand to South Korea to return stolen cultural properties based on both of internal and international laws.
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